Mitochondrial
MOTS-c
Not an approved medicine; early-stage research
In simple words: A tiny peptide made by your own mitochondria that seems to act like an “exercise signal” in animals.
How it works
It is coded in mitochondrial DNA and, in animal studies, activates the AMPK energy-sensing pathway, helping muscle take up glucose.
Targets: AMPK pathway (reported) · Class: Mitochondrial-derived peptide
Uses, latest studies & pairings
Typically used for
- Marketed for fat loss, energy, insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity.
- Not approved for any use; the evidence is mainly from mice.
Commonly paired with
- Often marketed alongside exercise, NAD+ or GLP-1 medicines. None of these combinations has been studied.
Latest studies & news
- Jul 2026
An FDA advisory committee voted 7–5 to recommend letting pharmacies compound MOTS-c. This is not binding and isn't a finding that it works; the FDA hasn't made a final decision.
Source: Healio: FDA committee recommends looser restrictions for several peptides (July 2026) - 2026
A phase 2a trial testing MOTS-c for insulin sensitivity in adults with prediabetes and overweight began in 2026. No results yet.
- Earlier
A modified version (CB4211) was safe in a small phase 1b trial, but its development stopped.
What the research shows
Human clinical evidence
Human- Human studies so far mostly measure natural MOTS-c levels in blood (which tend to fall with age); there are no published efficacy trials of MOTS-c as a treatment.
Animal research
Animal- In mice it improved insulin sensitivity, protected against diet-induced weight gain and increased exercise capacity, including in older mice.
Animal and lab results suggest what might happen; they don't prove an effect in people.
Safety & what to watch
- Long-term safety in people is unknown.
- Not approved; research-only products are unregulated.
Amounts
No dose is given for unapproved substances. If you are considering it, discuss it with a licensed clinician who knows your history and bloodwork.
📦 My peptide supply kit
The supplies I use, in one Amazon list. Only use them for medicines your clinician prescribes. Never share or reuse needles, and put used ones in a sharps container.
Studies & references
Draft profile pending editorial review. Educational only, not medical advice. Never start, stop or change a medicine without your prescriber.